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Forestry Advance Access originally published online on June 19, 2008
Forestry 2008 81(3):447-463; doi:10.1093/forestry/cpn022
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© Institute of Chartered Foresters, 2008. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
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This article appears in the following Forestry issue: Wind and Trees Special Issue [View the issue table of contents]

A review of mechanistic modelling of wind damage risk to forests

Barry Gardiner1,*, Ken Byrne2, Sophie Hale1, Kana Kamimura3,4, Stephen J. Mitchell2, Heli Peltola5 and Jean-Claude Ruel6

1 Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9SY, Scotland
2 Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
3 Laboratory of Forest Management, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
4 Present address: Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 7 305-8687, Japan
5 Faculty of Forest Sciences, University of Joensuu, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
6 Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt Faculté de Foresterie et de Géomatique, Pavillon Abitibi-Price 2405, rue de la Terrasse, Local 1212, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6

* Corresponding author. E-mail: barry.gardiner{at}forestry.gsi.gov.uk


  Abstract

This paper reviews the current status of mechanistic models for wind damage risk assessment, describing model structure, applicability, validation and current limitations. We focus particularly on the hybrid mechanistic/empirical models GALES and HWIND, which have been designed for calculating wind damage risk at the stand level within uniform forests and which are the most widely adopted models within the research community. These models have been integrated with different methods for predicting the local wind climate in order to calculate the probability of wind damage in a number of different countries. We also discuss ongoing modelling work and proposals for future development in order to deal with complex forest structures and to predict the wind damage risk of individual trees within stands through the integration of mechanistic risk models with forest growth and yield models within a geographical information system framework. This kind of model integration will enable spatial representation of tree lists and damage propagation and allow managers to evaluate the effect of different harvesting and thinning scenarios on the risk of windthrow of both stands and individual trees within a stand.

Received 31 August 2007.
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