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Forestry 2000 73(3):225-238; doi:10.1093/forestry/73.3.225
© 2000 by Institute of Chartered Foresters
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A dynamic analysis of windthrow of trees

A.H. England1, C.J. Baker2 and S.E.T. Saunderson1

1 Division of Theoretical Mechanics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK 2 School of Civil Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

This paper considers the dynamics of the tipping of a tree due to a gust of wind superimposed on a steady wind. The resistance of the root system to the rotational motion of the tree is known from tree-pulling experiments. A gust of wind generates an impulsive load on the system and hence the dynamics of the tree may be modelled. An empirical formula which relates the speed of a gust of wind and its duration to the mean wind speed is used to determine the mean wind speed necessary to overturn a tree. Realistic mean wind speeds are found for trees such as Sitka spruce.


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