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Forestry 1993 66(1):27-36; doi:10.1093/forestry/66.1.27
© 1993 by Institute of Chartered Foresters
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Shading Reduces both Visible and Invisible Frost Damage to Norway Spruce Seedlings in the Field

G. ÖRLANDER

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Box 49, S-240 53 Alnarp, Sweden

Two-year-old cuttings of Norway spruce were subjected to night frosts in spring on an exposed site in southern Sweden. Shading was used to assess the influence of sunlight on the extent of damage resulting from night frost. Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured in needles in flushing shoots, and in shoots at the stage of bud burst. The Fv:Fm ratio was significantly lower for plants exposed to light, compared with shaded plants on the days following the night frost (minimum temperature –6°C). The effect was similar both in 1-year-old and current year needles. The low Fv:Fm ratios indicate damage to photosystem H, caused by an interaction between sub freezing temperatures and high light intensity. Shading also increased the survival of flushing shoots. It is suggested that regeneration of Norway spruce on sites exposed to frost should be carried out in partial shade, for example under a shelterwood.

Received 21 October 1991.
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