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Forestry 1987 60(1):57-67; doi:10.1093/forestry/60.1.57
© 1987 by Institute of Chartered Foresters
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Frost Hardiness of Red Alder (Alnus rubra) Provenances in Britain

M. G. R. CANNELL, M. B. MURRAY and L. J. SHEPPARD

Institute of Terrestrial Ecology Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland EH26 0QB

The phenology and frost hardiness of shoots of 15 provenances of Alnus rubra growing in Scotland were measured over one autumn, winter and spring. Dates of budset (in September) and the onset of rapid frost hardening (in October-November) occurred about 2 days earlier for each degree latitude of origin northwards, except for an Idaho provenance. However, all provenances dehardened at about the same time in March and burst their buds between 8 and 14 April. Assuming that rapid frost hardening in the autumn was triggered primarily by shortening daylengths, Alaskan provenances of A. rubra seemed better adapted to British conditions than southern British Columbian provenances, which have been most commonly planted. However, even Alaskan provenances are prone to spring frost damage. Scottish A. glutinosa and Alaskan A. sinuata set buds and frost hardened 1–2 weeks before even the Alaskan A. rubra, and burst their buds 2–3 weeks later in April-May. All three species were hardy to below –30°C from December to mid-March.


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